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故宫博物院:做中华文化会客厅
发布者:本站 发布时间:2023/5/21 阅读:10533次 来源:《光明日报》 双击自动滚屏

  作者:王旭东(故宫博物院院长)

  故宫作为中华五千多年文明的承载者,作为中华优秀传统文化的汇聚地,在人类文明交流互鉴中具有十分重要的地位。

  故宫是古代劳动人民的智慧创造,至少反映出明清两朝近500年里,我们的文明不断传承并吸收多个民族及不同国家地域文明成果而自我丰富的过程。这种历史积淀,让当下的我们深入思考如何走出去跟其他的文明交流对话。这坚定了故宫博物院要走出去的理念,走向全国,走向世界。

故宫博物院:做中华文化会客厅

  3月15日,由故宫博物院和巴基斯坦国家遗产与文化署考古与博物馆局共同主办的“譬若香山:犍陀罗艺术展”在故宫文华殿开幕。图为展出的佛教故事石雕艺术品。李韵摄/光明图片

  习近平总书记十年前提出“一带一路”倡议,核心是政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通,而民心相通是这“五通”的民意基础和社会基础。民心相通的重要内容就是人文交流,包括合作考古、国际文物保护合作、展览走出去引进来等。

  国际考古促进民心相通与文化尊重。在国家友好往来的基础上,故宫开启了多项考古领域的国际交流合作,将中国的考古理念、考古方法应用于国际考古项目,也邀请国际同行走进紫禁城,了解这里的历史和学术。

  十年来,顺应“一带一路”倡议,契合中外合作考古大势,立足故宫博物院学术资源平台,在全球化贸易的视角下,以中国外销瓷为切入点,故宫博物院先后赴印度、阿联酋、肯尼亚等国开展海上丝绸之路考古;从中西方文化交流的视角,为提升中国丝绸之路考古的国际表达能力,积极与中亚乌兹别克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦等国合作考古;先后邀请印度、英国等考古同仁参与故宫的考古项目,切实增进彼此的了解与信任,加深他们对故宫所承载的中华文明的体察与理解。合作考古,见证了国家间的友好往来与民心相通,搭建了国家间相互尊重的基础,促进了持续深入的文化交流与合作。

故宫博物院:做中华文化会客厅

  故宫博物院积极参与和乌兹别克斯坦等国的国际合作考古。图为联合考古队在乌兹别克斯坦拉巴特遗址挖掘出土的双耳罐。作者单位供图

  文物保护交流合作利于促进文明交流互鉴。文物保护方面的交流合作,不仅仅是物质层面、技术层面的合作,更是通过合作让不同文明之间的合作伙伴能够加深理解,相互尊重。在文物保护领域,故宫博物院有丰富的国际合作经验。我们有文物保护技术,通过逐步开展项目合作,已逐步建立起一些稳定的合作平台。比如2020年建立的中国—希腊文物保护技术“一带一路”联合实验室,已通过合作的逐步深化,在科学研究、人才培养、资源共享等方面找到了合作方向并建立起持续合作的机制。联合实验室对未来“一带一路”沿线国家的文物保护合作,起到了积极的示范作用。

  文物领域传统的国际交流方式是文物展览。把承载着中华文明的文物展输送到国外,就是中华文明的国际传播。在这一过程中,需要不同领域的专家学者加入,对中华文化做更为深入的价值挖掘与阐释,然后通过展览语言传达给海外观众。我们也把其他国家的文物展览引进故宫,了解世界不同文明的形态,让世界文明在故宫形成对话,在求同存异中更好地了解别人、认识自己。

故宫博物院:做中华文化会客厅

  故宫博物院积极参与和乌兹别克斯坦等国的国际合作考古。图为联合考古队在乌兹别克斯坦拉巴特遗址挖掘出土的颈部串饰。作者单位供图

  与港澳深度合作,助力中华文化国际影响力提升。近年来,故宫博物院充分利用香港、澳门文博机构在中外文化交流中的合作优势,组织策划精品出境展览,打造文物对外宣传品牌,向国际社会展示博大精深的中华文明,提升中华文化的国际传播效能。1999年澳门回归祖国至今,故宫博物院已赴澳门成功举办专题文物展31项,成为澳门民众心中固定的文化盛宴。“澳门故宫文化遗产保护传承中心”计划未来2~3年内落成。2007年故宫博物院赴香港艺术馆展出了举世闻名的《清明上河图》,此后还与香港康文署合作举办多项大型文物展览,均获成功,吸引百余万观众参观。2022年6月香港故宫文化博物馆开馆,故宫博物院在此举办了7个开幕展览;截至2023年4月17日,香港故宫文化博物馆接待访客数量达100万人次。故宫博物院通过与港澳地区的合作,让故宫承载的中华优秀传统文化源源不断地在港澳地区落地;同时,通过港澳地区特有的国际视野和特区优势,为故宫博物院与海外文化机构搭建对话平台,更好地展示中华五千多年文明成果,促进中外文化的国际交流,在扩大中华文化国际影响力方面发挥积极作用。

  “太和学者”计划,通过双向交流促进民心相通。中国人追求“和”的最高境界。故宫学者在“太和学者”计划的支持下,带着中华文化走向世界,去学习交流。同时,外国学者也走进故宫世界文化遗产地,在带来他们的故事时,也会被故宫承载的中华文化触动。我相信,这种触动会促使他们回去后,也能讲出中国故事,讲好中国故事。双向交流的学者计划,会吸引越来越多的年轻学子、学者加入。当然,这样一个计划的实现,需要借助社会力量,比如公益资金的捐赠支持。香港、内地的一些企业家已纷纷加入到故宫博物院的事业发展中,世茂集团、黄廷方慈善基金、中国文物保护基金会(香港)、旭日集团、腾讯、万科、龙湖、嘉德等,既有国有企业,也有民营企业,还有一些金融机构等,他们正在履行企业的社会责任,帮助故宫的国际文化传播事业走得更好更远。故宫特别希望,更多的社会力量加入到中华文明的保护传承传播的事业中来,在共享人类文明发展成果方面发挥重要的作用。

故宫博物院:做中华文化会客厅

  故宫博物院积极参与和乌兹别克斯坦等国的国际合作考古。图为联合考古队在乌兹别克斯坦拉巴特遗址挖掘出土的金饰件。作者单位供图

  故宫博物院肩负着真实完整地保护并负责任地传承故宫及其文物所承载的中华优秀传统文化的历史使命。“做文明交流互鉴的中华文化会客厅”,是故宫博物院的重要使命。故宫博物院联合中国的文物、博物馆机构,一起保护好中华五千多年文明,传承好中华优秀传统文化,是重要的时代课题。我们需要不断地与世界各国相关机构合作,建立交流对话的文化平台,让大家相互认识,相互理解,相互尊重,才能为“一带一路”倡议和全球文明倡议的落实、为践行人类命运共同体理念作出文博领域应有的贡献。

  《光明日报》( 2023年05月14日 12版)

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